Genotoxicity of Some Metal-Based Antineoplastics, Evaluated by SOS Chromotest and Cytogenetic Analysis

The paper reports the screening results of two metal-based antineoplastic drugs with mutagenic potential, such as Romcis (trademark of Cisplatinum, produced in Romania) and diphenylantimony(III) diisopropyldithiophosphate (PADTF). Their effects were compared with those induced by Cyclophosphamide. Two mutagenicity tests, the SOS Chromotest and cytogenetic analysis were applied. The tests were carried out with or without metabolic activation (addition of S(9)-mix), either in E. coli PQ 37 cultures, using four doses (0.3, 3, 30 and 300 pmol compound/assay) for the SOS Chromotest or in leukocyte cultures using 0.3 mM from each compound, for cytogenetics. The dose- response relationships and SOSIP values revealed an indirect mutagenic potential for Cyclophosphamide, amplified by S(9) mix in bacterial cultures and an antiproliferative, clastogenic effect on lymphocytes. For Romcis and diphenylantimony(III) diisopropyldithiophosphate, a significant positive response by SOS Chromotest was recorded, which correlated with increased frequencies of chromosomal aberrations.